Design of Ammonia Storage Tanks | consultancy Services

Ammonia storage tanks play a crucial role in various industries, including refineries, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals. Here’s an overview covering their design, types, applications, and relevant considerations:

Design and Types of Ammonia Storage Tanks:

1. Types Based on Design:

   • Aboveground Tanks: Typically cylindrical in shape, made of steel, and used for storing large quantities of ammonia. They can be atmospheric (non-pressurized) or pressurized depending on the application.

   • Underground Tanks: Used where space constraints or aesthetic considerations require the tank to be buried underground. These tanks are often made of coated steel or fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) for corrosion resistance.

2. Materials Used:

   • Steel Tanks: Commonly used due to their strength and durability. They are often coated with epoxy or other corrosion-resistant materials to prevent interaction with ammonia.

   • Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Tanks: Suitable for underground storage due to their corrosion resistance and ability to withstand external environmental factors.

3. Tank Parts and Components:

   • Tank Shell: The main cylindrical body of the tank that holds the ammonia.

   • Roof and Roof Structures: Depending on the tank type, it could have a fixed roof, floating roof, or dome roof.

   • Nozzles and Manholes: These provide access for filling, emptying, and inspection.

   • Safety Features: Pressure relief valves, emergency vents, and leak detection systems ensure safe operation.

Applications and Industries:

• Refineries and Petrochemical Plants: Ammonia is used in various processes including refining and treating feedstocks, catalysts, and products.

• Oil and Gas Industry: Used for the production of nitrogen-based fertilizers and as a refrigerant in natural gas processing.

• Pharmaceutical Industry: Used for pH control in manufacturing processes and as a cleaning agent for equipment.

Considerations:

• Safety: Ammonia is toxic and flammable in high concentrations. Tanks must be designed with safety features and in compliance with relevant safety codes and standards.

• Environmental Impact: Leakage or spillage can have severe environmental consequences. Tanks should be designed to prevent leaks and spills.

• Regulatory Compliance: Tanks must comply with local, national, and international regulations governing storage of hazardous materials.

Pricing and Manufacturing:

• Cost: Varies widely based on size, material, design specifications, and regulatory requirements.

• Manufacturers: Companies specializing in industrial storage tanks produce ammonia tanks. Well-known manufacturers include Chart Industries, Cryeng Group, and MDR (McDermott International).

Associations and Standards:

• American Petroleum Institute (API): Publishes standards for storage tank design, fabrication, and inspection.

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): Provides codes and standards for pressure vessels and tanks.

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Develops international standards for various aspects of tank design and operation.

Ammonia storage tanks are critical infrastructure in industries requiring bulk storage of ammonia. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are essential to ensure safety, compliance, and operational efficiency.